Plots represent average values obtained from 5 individual modules, and the error bars represent standard deviation. Black triangles and red squares represent the module measured on the flat stage and 3D printed curved surface, respectively. f Normalised PCE change with MPP tracking test time. The dashed blue line represents the simulated curve from the distribution of the light intensity change. The black and red solid lines represent the measured performance on the flat stage and 3D printed curved surface, respectively. e Current-voltage (I-V) curves of the solar cell module measured under AM 1.5 G with 100 mW cm -2.
d Estimated distribution of light intensity changes in the abdomen. c Side and back views of the abdomen showing changes in the angle of light incident in each region.
The dashed red lines indicate the effective area of the module. a Top view design of organic solar cell module. Large-area organic solar cell module for cyborg insects. We demonstrate its feasibility by displaying the recharging wireless locomotion control of cyborg insects. The body-mounted ultrathin organic solar cell module achieves a power output of 17.2 mW. Our quantified system design strategy, developed using a combination of ultrathin film electronics and an adhesive–nonadhesive interleaving structure to perform basic insect motion, successfully achieved the fundamental locomotion of traversing and self-righting. Here, we describe the integration of an ultrasoft organic solar cell module on cyborg insects that preserves their motion abilities. The area and load of the energy harvesting device considerably impair the mobility of tiny robots. However, their power outputs are limited to less than 1 mW, which is considerably lower than those required for wireless locomotion control. Body-mounted energy-harvesting devices are critical for expanding the range of activity and functionality of cyborg insects. Cyborg insects have been proposed for applications such as urban search and rescue.
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